Continuing with some articles on ancient Greek topics, this one offers some entirely different interpretations of Anacreon's disinterested Lesbian.
Davidson, J.F. 1987. “Anacreon, Homer and the Young Woman from Lesbos” in Mnemosyne, Fourth Series, Vol. 40, Fasc. 1/2: 132-137.
Like Pellicia 1995, this article takes a stab at identifying and evaluating possible intended meanings contained in Anacreon’s “she doesn’t like my grey hair” epigram. After reviewing some of the more common suggestions (“she prefers another [hair color]”, “she prefers another [woman]” either in a sexual or non-sexual context) and some less common ones (“she prefers another [type of hair]” – playing on the reputation of Lesbos for fellatio), Davidson adds a couple of possible scenarios inspired by the reference to “Eros hitting me with his ball” (i.e., inspiring my desire), suggesting that an actual game of ball may have been involved. Davidson discusses references to young women playing ball games as with Nausicaa in the Odyssey, or ball-throwing games by young men as entertainment elsewhere in the Odyssey. There are other stylistic allusions to Homer in Anacreon’s poem, so this is a reasonable suggestion.
Two possible scenarios for the inspiration of the poem are suggested. In one possible scenaro, the young woman has deliberately thrown a ball to/at Anacreon in flirtation, but only then notices his grey hair and spurns him. In a second possible scenario, an accidentally thrown ball has drawn Anacreon’s attention to the woman, stimulating his erotic interest in her, but she can’t be bothered and is more enthusiastic about continuing the game. In the second scenario, the woman “gaping after another” simply refers to her interest in continuing the game rather than paying attention to Anacreon.
Davidson admits that neither of these scenarios offers the “dramatic twist” that the structure and genre of the poem seem to call for (and that Pellicia indicates is required by the grammatical structure), but have the advantage [for those who consider it an advantage] of not invoking a homoerotic scenario for the woman’s disinterest.
(Originally aired 2025/10/04 - listen here)
Welcome to On the Shelf for October 2025.
It’s been quite a month! As I mentioned in the last On the Shelf show, I spent the first two weeks of September visiting New Zealand as my official retirement celebration trip. It sounds strange to talk about taking a “vacation” in retirement, but I disconnected from all my online projects—didn’t even take my laptop with me—and not only enjoyed the wonderful scenery, delightful people, and delicious food, but I spent a lot of time just relaxing and reading. As you’ll find out in the “what I’ve been reading” segment later.
Now I’m back to the routine of rotating between working on the blog and podcast, revising material for the history book, writing some fiction, and other projects. One of those projects needs to be getting back in practice on my harp, because it will feature in one of the podcast stories next month.
And speaking of the podcast fiction series, remember that we’ll be open for submissions for the 2026 series in January. That’s plenty of time for you to brainstorm, write, and polish up your sapphic historical short story! See the link in the show notes for the guidelines.
Publications on the Blog
No new book shopping for the blog, but in spite of the vacation, I’ve been working through my current folder of journal articles. In some cases, this is more like house cleaning than research. Works that I noted as being of minimal or no relevance include Alan Bray’s Homosexuality in Renaissance England, Brian Arkins’ “Sexuality in Fifth Century Athens”, Christine Downing’s Myths and Mysteries of Same-Sex Love, and Martha Reineke’s response to Downing in “Within the Shadow of the Herms: A Critique of ‘Myths and Mysteries of Same-Sex Love’."
A separate article by Christine Downing, “Lesbian Mythology,” summarized some of the classical references to female same-sex desire without muddling it up with the Freudian psychology that was the main point of her book.
Jan Bremmer’s “An Enigmatic Indo-European Rite: Paederasty” touches very briefly on the fragments of evidence for sexualized female mentorship in ancient Greece. And finally Max Nelson’s “A Note on the ὄλισβος” discusses the ancient Greek vocabulary for dildos and why this one specific word is erroneously considered to be the proper name for the object.
I have another 15 articles lined up, but I’m trying to spread them out a bit to avoid spending all my creative time on the blog.
Recent Lesbian/Sapphic Historical Fiction
Let’s move on to the new and recent releases, of which there are quite a few. Remember that I’m always eager to have authors, publishers, or even knowledgeable fans tell me about upcoming sapphic historicals. With the demise of a few very useful book blogs, my primary source of information for releases is doing keyword searches in Amazon, and we all know how flawed that site is. I’d love it if authors of sapphic historicals started adding “notify the Lesbian Historic Motif Podcast” to their pre-publication checklist. But for now, here’s what I’ve found.
I found three more August releases.
Florence Syndrome by Catherine Martini from Djuna Publishers reflects the role Italy played in expatriate queer communities.
Alessandra Corsi, a 25-year-old Florentine artist, lives for the quiet company of her easel and sketchbook. Her days are spent sketching the masters in the Uffizi, avoiding society, content with paint and silence. Until one August morning she notices a woman falter in front of Botticelli’s Birth of Venus.
Elizabeth Hughes is an Englishwoman of thirty-five, visiting Florence after her father’s death, carrying her grief and her careful manners like heavy luggage. Overwhelmed by beauty, she experiences what locals call “La sindrome di Firenze”—a dizzying spell of awe in the face of art. Alessandra goes to her aid, and so begins a journey neither expected: through sun-bleached streets, secret osterie, and the countryside by steam train to Siena, and into the hidden world of an artist’s studio.
As Elizabeth sheds her English restraint, she becomes both muse and lover, discovering a sensual and emotional freedom she never imagined. Alessandra, who thought she knew passion, is undone by the quiet boldness of a woman stepping into her own desires. Against the backdrop of Botticelli’s masterpieces, they find not just beauty but its dizzying cost: to be seen, to be loved, to love beyond rules.
I could swear that I already covered Red Wake, Black Flag by Dahlia Quinn, but it must have been a different novelization of the legend of pirates Anne Bonney and Mary Read. There are a lot of them!
Nassau burns with rum, rumor, and the last embers of the Pirate Republic. Anne Bonny—sharp-tongued, knife-sure, and married to a man she doesn’t love—meets Jack Rackham, a swaggering rogue with a smile like a drawn cutlass, and Mary Read, a soldier in men’s clothes with secrets stitched into every seam. As the King’s Pardon curdles and the gallows in Jamaica grow busy, Anne stakes her life on one impossible wager: that love, desire, and a fast sloop can outrun the Empire.
Torn between a dangerous man and a forbidden longing, Anne fights storms, betrayals, and the relentless hunt of a Crown privateer. The sea is cruel—but love can be crueler. And Anne Bonny has never been good at choosing the safe harbor.
Boardwalk Desire by Melody Ashford from Brythonic Publishing adds to the burgeoning genre of jazz era romances.
Atlantic City, 1931. The boardwalk pulses with jazz, secrets, and sin.
Seraphina Rossi, the young wife of a ruthless mob boss, loathes the blonde flapper who once warmed her husband’s bed. But when she crosses paths with Lilly Moreau again—now a dazzling dancer at the club her husband owns—Seraphina finds herself drawn to the very woman she swore to despise.
Lilly is bold, brash, and unapologetically herself. Seraphina is polished, poised, and quietly suffocating. Their collision is electric. What begins as icy disdain melts into forbidden desire, and soon, Seraphina must decide: will she remain the loyal wife in a gilded cage, or risk everything for a love that defies the rules of the underworld?
It's not surprising that I’ve found a few more September books, given that I recorded September’s episode rather early. In fact, I expect to find more September releases next month.
Edale Lane continues her “Tales from Norvegr” fantasy-viking series with Thrall of Deception from Past and Prologue Press.
Ravn Fierceblade, a war hero, is renowned for her loyalty, unshakable duty, and formidable glare. When children in Vestfold go missing, she heeds the king’s call to lead an expedition to recover them.
Svana longs to see more of the world, but as a widowed single mother carrying on her husband’s work as a fisher while raising her baby, she barely has time to dream. Will she ever meet someone who can lift her beyond a mundane existence?
While searching for the kidnapped children, Ravn and her crew travel to Svana’s hamlet. Ravn’s attraction to Svana is inescapable, yet she must not let it distract her from the mission. Uncovering a clue, she investigates further, unsure of the culprit’s identity. Who can Ravn trust? And is a scheme more devious than she could imagine at play—one that could cost the shieldmaiden her life?
Many years ago, Elizabeth Bear put out a fabulous sapphic steampunk duology starting with Karen Memory. Now we get a third story in the cycle, Angel Maker from Sobbing Squonk Press.
Every cowboy story needs a horse no man can ride.
No man—but Miss Karen Memery is all woman. When she and her beloved Priya sign on to do stunts for a motion picture about a rogue Mechanical named Cowboy and a Wild West show, she finds the horse of her dreams: Angel Maker.
Her plans to rescue him from a deadly stunt are ambitious enough, but she’s soon beset by even greater threats when two men are murdered brutally. Cowboy and Priya are arrested for the crime, and Karen must prove them innocent—and save the life of the wild stallion too!
Secrets of the Night by Shelby Banks features a solidly historic Victorian social set-up, though perhaps it overemphasizes a need for the protagonists to keep their relationship secret?
In an age where silence was demanded and passion condemned, two women find themselves bound by fate, yearning for a truth the world would never permit.
Eleanor lives within the grandeur of a vast Victorian estate, yet her days are filled with emptiness. Trapped in a loveless marriage, she drifts through candlelit corridors and echoing rooms, her heart restless for a companionship she cannot name aloud. Clara tends quietly to her ailing father in a modest house, her life one of devotion and sacrifice, her dreams buried beneath duty.
When chance draws them together, a spark is struck in the shadows. What begins as a glance becomes a bond, a recognition that defies the silence around them. In secret meetings by firelight, in gardens heavy with winter frost, in the hush of rain against glass, they discover a love both forbidden and eternal.
And finally we have a solid selection of October releases, though I’m saving one title out for next month when I’ll have the author on the show.
We start with Gold for the Dead (Cantor Gold #7) by Ann Aptaker from Bywater Books.
Early November, 1958
New York City
Art thief and smuggler Cantor Gold's latest underworld caper begins when she arrives at big-time bookie Nick Fortunato's apartment to celebrate his birthday, a ritual the two friends have enjoyed for years. But Nick is missing, and there’s blood on the living room carpet. It’s not Nick’s blood, though. Nick’s death still awaits him. Despite crime lord Sig Loreale’s best plans to protect Nick, with whom Sig has financial dealings, a killer finds Nick hidden away in a cheap hotel owned by Loreale.
The beautiful and possibly deadly Abbey O’Brien was Nick’s right hand in his bookie operation, and now that he’s dead, she stands to either gain big or lose even bigger.
But there’s a surplus of people who have a stake in Nick’s death…and motives to either solve his murder or get him out of the way. And always circling are the cops.
The previous books in Darcy McGuire’s The Queen’s Deadly Damsels series from Boldwood Books all involve male-female romances, but A Lady Most Wayward is sapphic.
Phillipa, Duchess of Dorsett is not your average demure lady in society. For behind her charming smile, she hides a secret and a wicked reputation. Tasked by Queen Victoria to protect the innocent, she’s recruited the most formidable women of the ton - The Queen’s Deadly Damsels. And now they have one final mission…but this time it’s anything but simple… It’s personal.
Lady Olivia Smithwick sold her soul to save her daughter, and in return has made an enemy of the Duchess. But when she’s faced with an offer of Phillipa’s protection and a promise to bring down The Devil’s Sons, she can’t refuse.
As they attempt their mission, together and alone, their simple deal becomes dangerously complicated. Because when their tension makes way for an unexpected desire, the heat between them becomes impossible to ignore. To reveal their true selves is a risk, especially when even one touch is strictly forbidden. But who said it was a good idea to follow the rules?
The Impossible Act of Georgia Cline by Eline Evans involves a cross-dressing plot, but the character identifies as female.
California 1938. Georgia would be pretty happy with her job as a painter in her uncle’s business if it wasn’t for her dream of becoming a cartoon animator. When her application to Disney’s training school is rejected because she’s a woman, she takes on the identity of a man and travels to Los Angeles. Disney hires her as an apprentice, and Georgia steps into a complicated life as George.
On a night out at a swanky Hollywood nightclub with her fellow animators, she meets the beautiful socialite Cara, who suggests they see each other again. Cara, witty and mysterious, is impossible to resist, and Georgia’s mouth speaks a yes when she knows she ought to say no. The job at Disney is as exciting as Georgia has imagined, but her charade as a man is hard to maintain — especially after she falls hard for Cara, who has her own secrets.
Georgia rises quickly in the Disney ranks, but the movie industry is full of ruthless ambition. When Georgia gets on the wrong side of the son of a powerful Hollywood mogul, the lie she has so carefully crafted falls apart. And with it both her dream and her love for Cara.
There are some settings that authors of lesbian and sapphic romance return to again and again. The voyage of the Titanic is one of those, as in Iceberg by Gun Brooke from Bold Strokes Books.
A recent widow, Lady Arabella Grey hires the young and unconventional Zandra Lancaster as governess to her children. Despite Zandra’s impressive recommendations, Arabella is skeptical and unimpressed by Zandra’s youth and artistic nature. But Zandra is brilliant with her daughters, and Arabella’s inexplicably drawn to her.
Zandra harbors secret reasons for needing this position, and when she reciprocates their attraction, her feelings escalate. Impropriety abounds as she craves Arabella’s company and increasingly intimate touch.
An extended trip to Manhattan with Arabella and the children changes everything. As they embark on the RMS Titanic’s maiden voyage, their love is undeniable, but so is their course toward unforeseen danger, risking not only love but their very lives.
A Legacy of Blood and Bone by Millie Abecassis from Row House Publishing feels on the edge of the line between pure fantasy and historic fantasy, but it references a specific historic setting.
Blood is life. Bones are strength. Flesh is control. Skin is death.
Every blessed family knows this mantra, and Aubeline, gifted with blood magic and heiress of the Sterraux family, is no exception.
Aubeline becomes the new Countess of Sterraux after her father’s unexpected passing. But when her brother Renan challenges her and claims the title of count for himself, his ambitions don’t end there. Soon, he also takes control of Aubeline’s guardianship over their niece Damarisse, for reasons tied to the family’s magic. Backed into a corner, Aubeline must seek allies to protect Damarisse, uncover her brother’s hidden agenda, and stop the magical catastrophe instigated by him and his somber allies wielding forbidden, deadly magic.
She never expected her best ally to be Damarisse’s new private teacher, Vinnie—a young woman cursed with an uncontrollable gift of clairvoyance. Nor did she expect to fall in love with her, defying the rigid rules of early twentieth-century France.
Following the pattern that stories set in the classical world always bring myths and gods into the mix, we have Gladiator, Goddess by Morgan H. Owen from Gallery YA.
The Roman Goddesses have grown weary of the rule of Gods and men.
They seek to change the fortune of the world by backing a brilliant young woman.
In Pompeii, Gia dreams of being a female Gladiator, but there is no such thing.
When she wins the favour of Claudia – the beautiful daughter of the Emperor – her star begins to rise in the arena, but so does the risk to her life.
Together, the girls must battle conspiracies to overthrow the Empire, and their growing feelings for one another. Feelings the Goddesses had not planned on.
For a while, we seemed to be getting a lot of re-tellings of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Re-tellings of Sheridan LeFanu’s Carmilla are always popular. But I’ve also started to see a persistent thread of retellings of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic gothic story, Rappaccini’s Daughter, as in Her Wicked Roots by Tanya Pell from Gallery Books.
Cordelia Beecher is on the run. In search of her missing brother Edward, she has fled the oppressive charity school she was raised in, desperate to find the only family she knows. Using clues from his past letters, she sets off for the sleepy town of Farrow but everyone there claims to have never heard of Edward—not even the man he was supposedly working for as an apprentice.
With nowhere to go, Cordi turns to Lady Evangeline, a local botanist who owns the magnificent Edenfield estate. The benevolent lady of the manor has made it her mission to take young, often traumatized, women into her employ and protect them from man’s world of wicked desires and deceits. Hired as a maid and companion to her enigmatic daughters, Prim and Briar, Cordi quickly settles into Edenfield. Even as her relationship with Briar blossoms, Cordi can’t help but suspect that there are secrets in the estate…and when she stumbles across evidence that Edward was once there, she’s determined to find answers.
The Isle in the Silver Sea by Tasha Suri from Hachette sounds a bit more on the fantasy side than the historic side, but I’ll give it the benefit of the doubt because of how much I’ve loved her previous books.
In an England fuelled by stories, the knight and the witch are fated to fall in love and doom each other over and over, the same tale retold over hundreds of lifetimes.
Simran is a witch of the woods. Vina is a knight of the Queen’s court. When the two women begin to fall for each other, how can they surrender to their desires, when to give in is to destroy each other?
As they seek a way to break the cycle, a mysterious assassin begins targeting tales like theirs. To survive, the two will need to write a story stronger than the one that fate has given to them.
But what tale is stronger than The Knight and the Witch?
Skipping halfway around the world and many centuries later, just on the cusp of what I’m willing to consider “historical” we have When They Burned the Butterfly by Wen-yi Lee from Tor.
Singapore, 1972: Newly independent, a city of immigrants grappling for power in a fast-modernizing world. Here, gangsters are the last conduits of the gods their ancestors brought with them, and the back alleys where they fight are the last place where magic has not been assimilated and legislated away.
Loner schoolgirl Adeline Siow has never needed more company than the flame she can summon at her fingertips. But when her mother dies in a house fire with a butterfly seared onto her skin and Adeline hunts down a girl she saw in a back-alley barfight—a girl with a butterfly tattoo–she discovers she’s far from alone.
Ang Tian is a Red Butterfly: one of a gang of girls who came from nothing, sworn to a fire goddess and empowered to wreak vengeance on the men that abuse and underestimate them. Adeline’s mother led a double life as their elusive patron, Madam Butterfly. Now that she’s dead, Adeline’s bloodline is the sole thing sustaining the goddess. Between her search for her mother’s killer and the gang’s succession crisis, Adeline becomes quickly entangled with the girls’ dangerous world, and even more so with the charismatic Tian.
But no home lasts long around here. Ambitious and paranoid neighbor gangs hunt at the edges of Butterfly territory, and bodies are turning up in the red light district suffused with a strange new magic. Adeline may have found her place for once, but with the streets changing by the day, it may take everything she is to keep it.
Other Books of Interest
This next book isn’t historical fiction, but I’m always a sucker for books about historic re-enactment or costume dramas. Check out Toni and Addie Go Viral by Melissa Marr from Bramble.
Hot new author and her lead actress stun fans in a secret wedding—is it all a publicity stunt? Or something more…
On a whim—and hoping to pay off the hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt her grifter father left behind—Victorian history professor Toni Darbyshire sells her lesbian detective novel in a massive deal. Suddenly thrust into the overwhelming new world of publishing, plus a television adaptation, Toni’s life gets even more complicated when her one-night stand turned pen pal (and the namesake for her main character) shows up in person for casting of the show.
Aspiring actress Addie’s had a crush on the professor ever since she watched her lectures on the Victorian era to prep for a stage role. Now, getting cast in Toni’s TV series could be her big break. But Addie’s in over her head when promo pictures of their fake Victorian wedding go viral. She could lose more than just her heart … and her historically accurate underthings.
What Am I Reading?
So what have I been reading? Due to the recording schedule last month, this list covers a month and a half of reading, including my vacation reads. About half of it is audiobooks, but I read a fair amount in print during my travels.
First up are two T. Kingfisher fantasies. Both involve a fairly standard no-nonsense Kingfisher heroine. Illuminations is more on the YA side about a girl in a family of magicians who unwittingly releases a malicious force and needs the help of a talking raven to catch it again. Hemlock and Silver is a bit more on the horror side, featuring a spinster who dedicated her life to finding antidotes for poisons who gets dragged into a command performance treating a king’s daughter with a mysterious wasting condition. The story is structured around Snow White, but the magic mirrors are…something else entirely.
I’ve been enjoying the podcast Eight Days of Diana Wynne Jones which is doing chronological deep dives into the late fantasy author’s extensive catalog. This inspired me to check out (or revisit) some of Diana Wynne Jones’s work, starting with the Chrestomanci series, specifically A Charmed Life, The Lives of Christopher Chant, and The Magicians of Caprona. The books are clearly aimed at a younger readership and have certain issues due to being of a particular time (such as the somewhat wince-worthy Italian stereotypes in Caprona), but it’s easy to see why Jones’s book are classics.
The audiobook queue at my local library served up the second Murderbot book, Artificial Condition by Martha Wells, and now I’m about to start the third. These tend to have a long wait-time at the library, so it’ll probably take me a while to get through the series. Back before I started being more careful about my budget, I hadn’t looked into library opportunities for audiobooks. It definitely changes my habits, in that I’m looking at what’s available rather than what I want to read right now.
There were two ebooks that I’ve been meaning to get to for quite some time where I ended up quitting about a quarter of the way through. The Rosetti Diaries by Kathleen Williams Renk just had a few too many plausibility issues in the story of investigating forgotten archives in a church. I also had issues with it being written as diary entries yet not reading like what anyone would actually write in a diary. The second DNF, The Illhenny Murders by Winnie Frolik, simply never grabbed me in terms of the writing style.
On the flip side, I think K.J. Charles could write a shopping list and make it gripping and a page-turner. Her recent release Copper Script combines a mystery involving graphology with a gay romance. I liked the plot, even though it felt a bit rushed at the end.
That Self-Same Metal by Brittany H. Williams is a book that I wouldn’t have heard of except it turned up in my keyword searches for the new releases. It’s the first book in a YA trilogy set in early 17th century England with an engaging heroine who wields metal-based magic, plus Shakespeare, fairies, and a bisexual “why choose” romantic triangle.
In part inspired by the trope series I’ve been doing on the podcast, I picked up the first volume in Cindy Dees’ non-fiction “Tropoholic’s Guide to Romance Tropes” series. It’s more of a reference work than a read-through book. Interesting, but I’m not sure I’ll get the whole series.
And to finish up this month’s reading, I just finished Alexandra Vasti’s Regency romance Ladies in Hating, about two rival gothic romance authors. I haven’t quite made up my mind about the book yet. I stayed up late to finish it, which is a plus, but it felt like the characters cycled through the same crisis over and over again, making it hard to believe in the stability of their relationship. But on the third hand, I got a shout-out in the author’s notes at the end as a research source, so I can forgive a lot.
Author Guest
We have an author guest this month. I managed to miss Raven Belasco’s lesbian vampire pirate story when it came out several months ago, but thankfully she reached out about coming on the show and I was able to make up for that omission.
In this episode we talk about:
Links to the Lesbian Historic Motif Project Online
Links to Heather Online
Links to Raven Belasco Online
Researching queer history involves embracing ambiguity, but ambiguity is present on many levels with many different purposes. This article, though otherwise somewhat tangential, is a useful exercise in recognizing that.
Pelliccia, Hayden. 1995. “Ambiguity against Ambiguity: Anacreon 13 Again” in Illinois Classical Studies, Vol. 20: 23-34.
In the ages before people fought their academic battles in mailing lists and then blogs, the pages of academic journals often recorded back-and-forth rivalries over such details as the accuracy of translations and interpretations, proper credit for prior publication, and accusations of misunderstanding. This article is one of those: largely a record of detailed pedantic rivalry over whether a prior rebuttal to a previous article had correctly understood the original author’s position. As such, I don’t know how much value it has in absolute terms—especially given that neither the original article nor the rebuttal had previously come to my attention—but it touches on whether a particular turn of phrase in one ancient Greek poem does or does not make lesbianism a punchline.
Perhaps of more general interest, the essay considers questions of ambiguity: not only the ambiguity inherent in trying to decipher and choose among multiple possible meanings in a text for which we are not a contemporary audience, but also trying to discern the deliberate ambiguities built into the text by the original author and how those ambiguities would have been received at the time.
So, that said, the poem in question is Anacreon #13. Superficially it is an old man’s lament that an attractive young woman has no interest in him. Anacreon’s poems tend to be witty epigrams with a theme of “wine, women, and song.”
[Note: if you ever want to go down a peculiar rabbit hole, check out the 18th century English “Anacreontic Society” who chose him for their patron. And in particular their theme song “To Anacreon in Heaven,” whose tune has achieved some small amount of lasting notoriety. But I digress.]
The translation offered in Hubbard 2003 can serve as context. I’ve re-ordered the words in the last line to better match the Greek original, since it will be relevant. (See also Boehringer 2021 for further context on the poem.)
Once again golden-haired Eros,
Hitting me with a purple ball,
Calls me out to play
With a fancy-sandaled maid.
But she, hailing from
Well-endowed Lesbos, finds fault
With my hair, for it’s white.
At another she gapes open-mouthed.
The first key point is that the word “another” in the last line is grammatically feminine, but the word for “hair” is also grammatically feminine. So there is ambiguity in whether the punchline is simply “the girl prefers another type of hair, i.e., someone younger” or refers to an unspecified female person “the girl prefers another girl.”
The reference to the girl being from Lesbos stands out to a modern reader, but as many scholars have pointed out, the women of Lesbos were associated in antiquity with a wide variety of attributes, including beauty (and thus the ability to pick and choose partners), and same-sex desire is far from the most obvious interpretation. (Though Pelliccia seems to lean towards that being a significantly available association at the time.)
The second key point in interpretation is that the structure of the poem demands a “punchline”—a twist of interpretation, and that the phrase “gapes at” has a negative connotation.
The scholarly arguments covered in the article revolve around who has endorsed which possible interpretations of the poem, on what basis, and which interpretations should be ruled out. Three possible readings of the text are discussed by both the author and his adversary:
After much detailed discussion of how the structure of the poem sets up the various possible readings (with examples from similar poems and expressions), Pelliccia offers the conclusion (or at least opinion) that all three readings could be inherent in Anacreon’s intent, with different members of the audience either getting the lesbian reading immediately (#2), not getting the reading at all (#1), or experiencing that twist of meaning when the final words signal to look for it.
Although the context of this article may seem to be a pedantic snit-fit, the deep dive into the meanings and uses of ambiguity and the considerations in how to analyze it, is useful to keep in mind when popularized queer history offers simple and straightforward assertions about historic texts.
Not much of interest here. Just more housecleaning of assorted articles, grouped thematically. (You might guess that I've been working through Classical Greece currently.)
Arkins, Brian. 1994. “Sexuality in Fifth Century Athens” in Classics Ireland, Vol. 1: 18-34.
This article is not particularly relevant, as it presents an overview of the structure of sexual relations from an elite male point of view. There is discussion of the social construction of sexual systems, with some odd anecdotal parallels from more modern cultures. There is a brief discussion of how to understand Sappho’s biography and work within this context (including a perhaps unwarranted assumption that social structures in Lesbos were identical to those in Athens).
I guess I quit too early in Christine Downing's Myths and Mysteries of Same-Sex Love, because this article basically recapitulates a couple of chapters from it. On the other hand, by waiting to summarize this version of the content, I didn't have to wade through the Freudian psychoanalysis.
Downing, Christine. 1994. “Lesbian Mythology” in Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, Vol. 20, No. 2, Lesbian Histories: 169-199.
I’m now going to walk back my claim that Downing 1989 had no relevant content, because Downing 1994 is a slight re-working of several chapters in that book, mostly restricting itself to laying out the mythological and historic material that she analyzed in the earlier publication. In this article, she omits the psychoanalysis and focuses on the texts, interpreting them in the context of a broadly-defined “woman-centered-woman” definition of “lesbian.”
All of this content is more rigorously analyzed in Boehringer 2021, so this is going to be a very superficial catalog of what Downing covers.
Downing begins with Ovid’s story of Iphis and Ianthe, noting how it illustrates “how isolating, confusing and terrifying lesbian desire can be when there are no myths, no models, to follow.” [Note: But since Iphis is a fictional character, written by a male author, within a culture that has other examples of the existence of female same-sex desire—as illustrated by some of the other material presented in this paper—the reading that it represents actual female experience is poetic projection.]
The article continues with a recognition of the variety of understandings of “lesbian” in contemporary culture, and how that informs her decision to include a fairly wide scope of material within this article, not simply texts overtly touching on romantic or erotic relationships.
The next example is the “seeking one’s other half” myth from Plato’s Symposium, compared to Greek attitudes about the moral imperative to avoid “excess” in one’s sexual appetite and how that related to the strictly ritualized aspects of pederastic culture (for men). The texts provide no similar moral or ritual codes for female same-sex relations (omitting to note that since these texts were transmitted via male authors, they reflect masculine interests and concerns).
The next section discusses myths of Amazons and Maenads, discussing how they reflect male anxiety about female independence and power, while ascribing perhaps a greater aspect of lesbian sexuality to them than the evidence warrants. Rituals of girlhood transition associated with Artemis are discussed, with speculation about the possible existence of female rites of passage (separate from marriage rituals) associated with Artemis.
The myth of Kallisto and Artemis is solidly offered as evidence for beliefs in f/f relations within Artemis’s circle, which they moves on to a consideration of the evidence for attitudes toward the sexuality of Greek goddesses generally. [Note: Once again, we lack an explicit consideration of the transmission of these myths and how they are more likely to reflect fictionalized versions of femininity in the service of patriarchy.]
The final section of the article discusses Sappho’s poetry and its likely social context, including a chronology of historic framings of Sappho’s life and character across the centuries and how those framings reflect shifts in attitudes toward lesbian possibility. The article concludes by pointing out that the borrowing of language associated with Sappho as the basis for describing female homoeroticism reflects both the hunger for historic connections and Sappho’s unique position within the historic record of providing a positive image.
As noted previously, sometimes I cover publications because I think they'll be useful to the Project; sometimes I cover them to document that they're not useful. And sometimes the way I pre-schedule and write up materials out of order means that I blog things that I might have otherwise just noted as "not useful" in my database. So I blogged Downing 1989 to document that, despite the intriguing title, it isn't really useful for historical study. But I'm blogging this response to that article because I have a couple dozen articles pre-scheduled in a specific order and dropping it would leave an awkward hole in my schedule that would mar the logical symmetry of the blog structure. OK, maybe that's going a bit far, but let's just say it's easier to blog it than to not blog it at this point.
The second Downing-related article does turn out to be relevant (and points out that maybe I quit on Downing 1989 too early?) In the mean time, as I'm typing this, I'm finding mysefl dealing with several random ants crawling across my screen, so the next task is to figure out where they're coming from and deal with it. (Late summer is always "dealing with ants" season.)
Reineke, Martha & Christine Downing. 1993. “Within the Shadow of the Herms: A Critique of "Myths and Mysteries of Same-Sex Love" [with Reply] in Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, Vol. 19, No. 1: 81-101, 103-106
Given that I found Downing 1989 to have little relevance to the goals of the Project, it may be unsurprising that I find Reineke’s critique of it to be similarly of only tangential interest. Reineke begins by spending almost half of her article in a detailed summary and rewording of Downing’s points (something that Downing complements in her reply). Reineke’s critique focuses primarily on modern psychological theoretical interpretations, adding in additional frameworks of analysis. Her one historical critique is that Downing “is insufficiently mindful of [the] androcentrism and misogyny” of the ancient Greek sources and the society they were created in. Glossing over this context includes not recognizing (or at least, not acknowledging) that the women presented in, for example, Plato’s work represent a male-centered fiction and not an accurate reflection of women’s function in society. Downing’s response largely boils down to: “I think we’re closer in our interpretations than you believe, but maybe I was less clear than I could have been.” But, as with Downing 1989, the focus is strongly on modern psychoanalysis, not on history.
Because I have two papers in my to-do folder that follow up on this book, I thought I’d take a look at the book first. Alas, It doesn’t appear to be very useful, so I suspect the followup articles will also be covered very briefly.
Downing, Christine. 1989. Myths and Mysteries of Same-Sex Love. The Continuum Publishing Company, New York. ISBN 0-8264-0445-6
There are some books that have been on my shelves since the earliest years of my interest in the subject without me ever having cracked them open. Indeed, it was the accusatory gaze of those books that helped spur me on to starting the Project. But not all of those books are actually relevant to the study of history. And this is one of them. To be fair, once I skimmed through the first few chapters, it became clear that Downing was not attempting or claiming to do history. She's doing Freudian psychology. The book is also, in many ways, a memoir of her own sexual journey and her experiences as part of the queer community during the AIDS crisis. But even to the extent that myths and images from Classical Greece are discussed, it is in terms of what they mean to 20th century people who are trying to frame their own sexuality in mythic terms (as mediated by Freud's peculiar ideas about same-sex attraction). It's very much "of its time"--the author's previous book was feminist-goddess-imagery explorations. But at least I can tick it off from my list now.
# # #
This is not a book about history. The author’s area of focus is religious studies and psychology and the book primarily concerns itself with interpreting Greek and Roman mythological references to same-sex relations through a Freudian and Jungian lens. (Indeed, half the book is a discussion of Freud’s and Jung’s writings on same-sex relations and the development of their theories.) The conclusions are entirely concerned with modern Freudian understandings of Greek myth and how those might inform the experiences of modern people. Therefore I’m not going to summarize or analyze the book in detail as it doesn’t speak to the experiences or understandings of historic individuals.
As noted previously, I'm working through a bunch of articles in my "to do" folder that got deprioritized for various reasons. This one is focused primarily on male relations, but does toss in an appendix with brief mentions of f/f possibilities.
Bremmer, Jan. 1980. “An Enigmatic Indo-European Rite: Paederasty” in Arethusa, Vol. 13, No. 2, Indo-European Roots of Classical Culture: 279-298.
Bremmer presents some anecdotal, cross-cultural evidence for classical Greek pederasty having structural similarities to some generational-initiation ceremonies or systems in “primitive” cultures, positing that it is, perhaps, a relic of a more widespread Indo-European practice. The body of the article is focused exclusively on male relations, however a very brief appendix reviews three brief references to a possible female parallel in Sparta that could expand understanding of the context of Sappho’s love poetry. The references are:
(Originally aired 2025/09/20 - listen here)
[This episode is an interview with Heckscher Museum curator Karli Wurzelbacher about her upcoming exhibition of the work of American sculptor Emma Stebbins. A transcript will be posted when available.]
In this episode we interview Heckscher Museum curator Karli Wurzelbacher about her upcoming exhibition of the work of American sculptor Emma Stebbins:
A transcript of this podcast will be added here when available.
Links to the Lesbian Historic Motif Project Online
Links to Heather Online
Links to the Heckscher Museum of Art Online
Bird-watching is more of a supplementary hobby for me—something I’m always doing regardless of what else is going on, but not something I tend to plan as a specific event. So I was eagerly anticipating learning a bunch of new birds, but there was only one line-item in our trip brainstorming that was specifically a bird-watching event (and as it happened, we weren’t able to do that thing). So this is the bird-watching layer of the trip. (I’ll get to the non-bird-watching parts later.)
At first I was going to rely on iPhone apps for ID purposes. I picked up a free app, Twitcher, that was nice in that the menu had mini-images of the birds, to make it easier to skim for possibilities. But actually accessing the full details on each bird was an “in-app purchase” thing, which pisses me off. So instead I paid off the top for Birds of New Zealand, which is more extensive (includes a lot of rare visitors), all content is part of the app, and includes a checklist where you can note where and when you saw each bird. The down side is that the menu includes only names (grouped alphabetically either by taxonomy or by the common name). So unless you already have an idea what type of bird a mollymawk or a prion or a Pukeko is, you’re going to spend a lot of time clicking through. Oh, another feature of the app is that you can display names either by Anglo common names, Maori common names, IOC names, or genus+species
Eventually I found a print guidebook in a tourist shop, which make things a bit easier for the leafing through, and it was even small enough to fit in my purse easily: Birds of New Zealand by Geoff Moon. Includes photos of different ages, sexes, and seasonal plumage. Very useful.
Before I found that book, I got a smaller booklet: A Mini Guide to the Identification of New Zealand’s Land Birds by Andrew Crowe. (How’s that for nominative determinism?) Land birds only, illustrations rather than photos, but clearly shows distribution maps and color-coded tags for whether the bird is endemic (NZ only), native, or introduced. I’ll do a summary of that data at the end.
8/31 (Driving from Auckland to Rotorua) My very first bird ID was a Common Myna in a little village on Lake Waikare where we stopped for lunch. Also a Swamp Harrier (of which I’d see many). (No photos) At Tanner’s Point – scenic beach on the east coast (North Island). Lots of bird calls in the trees, but hard to spot the birds. I was able to ID my first Tui which eventually became my favorite bird. (It also seems to be a local favorite and shows up in a lot of art.) Thie header photo is from the aviary in Auckland zoo, because that’s my best shot, but I saw lots of them in the wild. Also depicted: large-scale street art in Rotorua.
And these are all going to be sideways, aren't they? Grr. Well, I can either spend a couple hours fiddling with the photos or I can just go for it.
Rotorua is on the shore of an enormous lake with scattered sulfer springs. There’s a large bird sanctuary both on shore and the small offshore islands. Birds ID’ed:
A large nesting colony of Red-billed gulls.
Black swans (close up from a later date, swans with cygnets from Hobbiton)
The Pukeko is ubiquitous in urban parks. A gorgeous bird with iridescent blue and green feathers and a red bill. The closely related Takahe (no photo) has very similar coloration but is larger, heavier, and flightless. It’s also seriously endangered (remember: flightless). I saw some Takahe in the Auckland zoo, but in the wild they’re restricted to the South Island.
Many graylag geese, but it’s hard to know whether to call this introduced species “wild” since they’re interbred with domestic geese, resulting in variable coloration.
Large flock of New Zealand Scaup, a type of duck.
I got internet help on ID’ing this shag (a type of cormorant). Hard to see in this photo, but the back and lower breast are black with a white bib reaching down to mid-breast. The guidebook showed species entirely black, or with an entirely white throat and belly, or with a weird racing-stripe pattern on the sides of the neck and head, but nothing that matched what I saw. Fortunately a Bluesky NZ birding acquaintance noted that the Little Shag can have a wide variety of breast colorings, and I found a variant that matched my pattern.
Also ubiquitous are the New Zealand fantail (another bird popular in local iconography) which has a flycatcher habit, swooping out from a perch and darting about acrobatically to catch insects.
Not pictured: at the Waiotapu hot springs, a sign noted the presence of Pied Stilts so I did a lot of looking to see if I could spot one. In the middle of a large sulfer flat, there was something that I thought might be a bird. Or it might be a piece of wood. Or… no, it moved. And sure enough it was a Pied Stilt. But it was too far away for a good photo. Also spotted a Welcome Swallow
9/2 Rotorua – Mostly exploring around town. No new birds
9/3 Rotorua, forest hike. Spotted an endemic Tomtit, ID thanks to the white wing patches. But moved too quickly for a photo.
9/4 Hobbiton tour, so there was a lot of rural driving and then the Hobbiton site itself to spot things. Multiple introduced species:
Eurasian blackbird
The English sparrow is so common I wouldn’t have bothered taking a picture except it was being photogenic.
Also (not pictured) Australian magpie (which has flashy black and white coloring, but not the long tail I normally associate with magpies), Common Chaffinch, Eurasian Coot, Mallard Duck. Native birds included the White-faced heron. Several of these in the millpond at Hobbiton but I couldn’t get a good picture.
9/5 Driving from Rotorua to Wellington by way of Tongariro Park. Birds spotted by not photographed: Black-billed Gull, European Greenfinch. Bird not spotted even though the Tongariro information center said that was the best place to spot them: Blue Duck (though I did see them at the Auckland Zoo).
9/6 Wellington – No new birds, although I suppose I should mention that pigeons are everywhere. So common I didn’t even bother to note them on my checklist until now.
9/7 Wellington – No new birds, but had an amusing encounter with the very aggressive Red-Billed Gulls at an outdoor café, where I had to warn another diner that his lunch was about to be snatched.
9/8 Wellington – No new birds. At this point in the trip, we were doing a lot more relaxing than running around.
9/9 Day-trip to Kaitoke Park (site of the Rivendell set). No bird photos, but spotted the following: European goldfinch (in a small flock), Paradise Shelduck (unusually for ducks, the female is easier to ID, having a russet body and white head, but it also helps that they tend to work in m/f pairs, so you can see the contrast with the dark-headed male).
9/10 Drive from Wellington to Auckland. Spotted on the way (but no photos): introduced ring-neck pheasant and wild turkey.
Spotted the flashy New Zealand Pigeon, which I illustrate with a more photogenic one from the Auckland Zoo.
9/11 Auckland – We went to the zoo and stuck mostly to the NZ section. The big attraction was the kiwi exhibit (in a darkened enclosure where they’ve swapped day and night so they’ll be active for visitors). I got a video, but it’s really too dim to be work trying to pull a still from. I believe these are Brown Kiwis. Other birds seen in zoo enclosures: Bellbird, Grey Teal, Little Owl, Little Penguin, North Island Saddleback (surprised I didn’t see these in the wild), Sacred Kingfisher, Takehe, Yellow-Crowned Parakeet. And a Kea. Have a Kea, showing off its under-wings.
Spotted while at the zoo, but not in the exhibits so I get to count them for real: Eastern Rosella, Song Thrush.
9/12 We'd planned to take a ferry out to Tiritiri Matangi island bird sanctuary, but the ferry was cancelled due to weather conditions, alas. There are a LOT of seabirds in the bird books, but most are found on the outlying islands.
Summary (41 species: 23 native, 18 introduced)
Endemic or Native (13 species)
Introduced (or recently migrated) from Australia (4 species)
Introduced from Europe (11 species)
Introduced from elsewhere (2 species)
Zoo (11 species, native except as noted)