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Wednesday, November 9, 2016 - 06:45

I hadn't thought of the symbolic echoes when I decided to use the Wednesday blog slot to return to a project I keep meaning to get back to. How could I? I didn't expect the context for those echoes to be so bad.

My Great-Great-Grandfather, Abiel Teple LaForge (1842-1878) left a large collection of correspondence and diary entries from his time serving in the Union army during the U.S. Civil War. My mother transcribed and edited that material and produced a photocopied book that was circulated to family members. I got copies of the text files she'd used for the purpose of putting the material up on the web, but as the project involved a fair amount of tedious formatting, after an initial binge of work, I drifted away from the project.

The introductory apparatus and the material for the years 1861 to 1863 are up on my website. (Not this site, my personal one at heatherrosejones.com.) So as I was finishing up my series on A Little Princess, I thought about taking this project up in that timeslot. Each week, I'll process a certain amount of material and post it here, then eventually it will go up on the main website. (I'm thinking of making some structural change there first.) As some added value, the text I post here will be cleaned up to modern spelling and formatted with more paragraph breaks and punctuation for easier reading. The text on the main webpages for the diaries has the original version and eventually I'll make both available there. I add occasional clarifying comments in square brackets.

So with no other ado, and with the understanding that we're coming in on the middle of the story at this point, here we begin the year 1864 with two letters sent in January. Abiel originally joined a local regiment from upstate New York, but due to a serious bout with dysentary, he ended up in "Convalescent Camp" where we find him now.

* * *

LETTER

Head Quarters - Convalescent Camp Virginia January 14th, 1864

Dear Sister,

It is now 10 o'clock P.M. but I find in looking over my letters that somehow I have made a miscalculation and owe you one. And as I have just written to father I will make myslf even with my sister too, and after that I will probably sleep better.

I am almost inclined to think I am not so much in your debt after all, for since you wrote me I have sent you Henry Graves to give you the news by word of mouth, and have also written to my sister-in-law Sally. So you are posted on what is going on here, and I also am posted in Andover news by receiving a letter from Mrs Perry Potter [note: Abiel's sister Susan married a Potter] and one from Mr. Sherman Crandall. So you see we are both pretty well informed persons, at least in my opinion we are.

Oscar Remington has written to his people about being detailed in the kitchen has he not? I was going to get him detailed as carpenter--had every thing arranged, when he informed me that some men had been around to get men to wait on the tables in the dining rooms, and he had made up his mind to try that and see how it went. So that is all right.

I took a squad of men down to Annapolis Maryland the other day just to see the place. I will describe it to you. It is the capitol of Maryland, situated on an inlet of the Chesapeake Bay and a very uninteresting place. About half as large as New Burgh, very old looking. The only places worth visiting are the U.S. Naval Academy and the State House. The latter is built on the highest ground in the city: square in form. The material used in its construction is brick. From the center of the building rises the steeple to the height of 60 or 65 feet. The view from the top is very nice would be considered splendid by any person who had never been on the Capitol Dome or the Bunker Hill Monument or Washington's Monument at Baltimore. The country arround is very uninteresting, nothing but those short white pines that tell but too truthfully of the sterility of the soil. I believe the State House is, next to Faneuil Hall, the oldest state building in the country. And I am glad I have visited it.

We have been enjoying for the past week (not counting yesterday and today) what has not before [been] enjoyed in this country for several years. That is: seven consecutive days sleighing. And I assure you it has been enjoyed, too, in a manner that we Northerners--who have months of good slipping every year--would not think of. Why, you would laugh to see the cousarns [Note: "cousarns" seems to be something of a slang term but I haven't had a chance to look it up.]--I can't call them anything else--that they get up over in the city to sleigh ride in any thing that has runners. Two boards bent up at the ends with a box on and a horse hitched to it, or two saplings bent like a runner with boards on. In fact anything, only so that they can call it riding in a sleigh. Still, for this very reason, they take more pleasure than we do as it is more dificult to be obtained.

The Potomac has been frozen over for 6 days also so you must know it is rather cold.

Yesterday the snow began to go and today but little is left. Lots of mud in its place though.

General Hentzelman has been assigned to the command of the Department of the North. His Head Quarters will be at Columbus Ohio. Lt. Colonel McKelvy belongs to his staff and I suppose will, of course, go with him to his new command. Who will command this post I do not know. Brigadier General Abercrombie, I suppose. I wish I could go with the Colonel out West, but I cannot.

You must be having very cold weather up your way now too. I pity brother Joseph's straight finger. He will want to slap it prety often, I think. I should think he would be afraid to go near a horse, he has met so many misfortunes from them. However his motto is "persevere" I guess, for he seems bound to do so in regard to horse flesh.

How does mother stand this cold weather? [Note: "mother" is most likely his sister Susan's mother-in-law.] She is getting to be quite old now and needs to have all the love of her children to keep her warm. Dear old lady, I send her mine to help. And Janey--how is she? No danger of her getting cold if she is as fleshy as when her likeness was taken, and you too my sister. I look at that likeness very often and wish I was sitting between you two. Ah! If you were only down here this evening and could go back as soon as you got sleepy (for there is no place for you to sleep here) how I should like it! If I were up there you would hardly send me back if I got sleepy would you?

Susan, I believe from the tone of your last letter you are getting melancholy. Do not let it grow on you, for it is as fatal a desease as the consumption. I say this because I can see you do not know it yourself. With this happy advice I will close, subscribing myself,

Ever Your loving brother

Abiel


LETTER

(Address) Head Quarters Rendezvous of Distribution Virginia

Januaryy 31th 1864

Dear Sister,

I hasten to answer yours of the 23rd for several reasons. Firstly, to inform you that father is prety well. His last letter to me was dated Dec 28th. He had then just returned from getting "ex'd" from the "draught" as the old soldiers say. it cost him $80 he says, for he had to pay for his papers, and his board cost him two dollars a day while he was absent. He was also suffering under an attack of the "neuralgia." He was getting better when he wrote he was expecting to go on his place in the spring.

Secondly, To congratulate you on overcoming your fit of meloncholy, of which I accused you in my last. I humbly beg pardon if I made a mistake. I hope Joseph will make it all right for me by a kiss or two, won't you Josey? By the way, my brother-in-law is the most unlucky fellow with horses I ever saw. I should think they would get tired of hurting him after a while, he takes it so confoundedly cool. Now if it were me, I would half kill them to see if I could not make them more careful how they handle themselves arround me. I shall have no brother in a little while if he allows them to go on at this rate, killing him a little at a time.

"Thirdly" I wish to inquire if Janey received a little note, not worth noticing, which I sent up about a week ago, asking her to be so kind as to engineer sending Oscar a box of goodies. Oscar said he would write to his people to send [it] and we would have things for both of us come in the same box. What we principly need is butter. Oh! you dont know how fine that butter tasted that Henry Graves brought down with him! Eating it was almost as good [as] making a visit to Allegany. At least Oscar and myself had an argument to that effect. Now if you could send us such a box, and not prepay the Express Agent but wait until it gets here and I will pay, it would do just as well.

"Fourthly" General news. The name of this camp is changed to Rendezvous of Distribution, as you have probably noticed from the heading of this interesting epistle. The nature of the camp is changed, as well as the name. Hereafter none but men fit for duty in the field will be sent to this place. Therefore no more discharging will have to be done here. No more men transferred to the Invalid Corps, after the men now in the camp have been thoroughly sifted. Distribution camp, which has always been attached to the command, will be broken up and all the men brought into the Barracks. So the command will hereafter consist of Rendezvous of Distribution, which is our present Barracks, which will contain 5000 men, and the Invalid Corps Barracks which will contain 1000 men. The Invalid Corps is to do the guard duty of the command, and clerks and orderlies will be detailed from it for the officers and offices. So you see there is quite a change. You might as well change the address of your letters, so as to suit the other changes.

I have got Frank Basset detailed as clerk of the Invalid Corps examining board. It is a good position. I hope he will like it. Frank is a "bully fellow." I should have thought I [note: Abiel probably meant "he"] would have got a commission and not come out as a private. However perhaps he is not ambitious for rank. I believe it is not always the best men [that] gets the best positions, though I have done prety well.

Has "Tim Green" went back to the 85th yet? It seems strange he should be sick. He was such a large healthy fine looking man, but I tell you soldiering breaks a man down wonderfully. The Government makes us comfortable as it is possible for soldiers to be, but the change is nevertheless very great from our comfortable Northern homes, to the exposure incidental to an active campaign through the low swampy lands of the Slave states. Not one in one hundred of those hardy men who went forth by thousands at their country's call will return without being broken down. I assure you, after my sickness on the Peninsula, I feel five years older. I have had more opportunaties of gaining experience since I have been in the army than most privates have. I have did my best to improve them also. Perhaps that may account in part for my feeling so old.

You have not got over that habit of dreaming about me yet? Well I hope they do not alarm you as much as they used to. Is it not strange? I have only dreamt of home two or three times since I was up there. I don't think I ever before had such dreamless sleep as I have now. My mind is so much occupied in the day time that it is glad to rest at night. You may believe that if you ..... Give my love to Mother. Tell her to beware of that cold. Tell Janey I have not forgotten this is leap year. Tell the rest a lot of good things and among the rest that I love them all more than ever.

Your loving brother

A.T.-

P.S. I send a letter to father in this same mail. Your's Bijou [note: "Bijou" was Abiel's nickname]

Major category: 
LaForge Civil War Diaries
Tuesday, November 8, 2016 - 07:00

I'm not going to lie--I'm going to spend the entire day being jittery about the election. On the one hand, in my core, I'm confident that Clinton will not only win but win decisively. On the other hand, I'm horrified and terrified that the political climate of my country has made it possible for someone like Trump to get this far. Not that I have any illusions that our political past was any less horrifying and terrifying for marginalized people, but I hold onto the belief that year by year we are coming to a better, deeper, more inclusive understanding of the ideals our nation was founded on. There are so many political parallels around the world where a nation or a society that seemed to be raising itself up to embrace greater openness, greater equality, greater opportunity for all, unexpectedly loses its grasp on that dream and turns to squabbling, back-biting, me-firstism. And beyond my own vote and some substantial campaign donations, I've been left feeling useless to address that possibility.

* * *

Useless: that was what Serafina's husband Paolo had called her when she was unable to turn her mystic visions into the practical help he'd married her for. Useless: the echo of it had followed her in her thaumaturgical studies with Margerit Sovitre. She could see the forces at work, but invoking them to do her will had so far eluded her. But that was all that the Austrian spy Kreiser had asked her to do: to see, and tell him what she saw. In their first sessions, she thought she would fail even at that small task. But as the summer wore one, Kreiser summoned her--no, summoned was not the right word. He simply indicated that he expected her to come and scry for him once more. They were to meet in the public gardens in Urmai, just outside the city of Rotenek. But many people visited the gardens there in summer, including one that Serafina was not yet ready to meet again.

* * *

Chapter Nineteen - Serafina

She knew the monument Kreiser had specified. The gardens were not as full as the time she visited with Luzie and the boys. The children that played along the hedge-bordered paths today lived here, as did the shop girls out on a midday break. The visitors were a different mix as well: courting couples of respectable families, attended at a safe distance by maids or governesses, clumps of students from the university who hadn’t escaped the city for their more abbreviated summer season, walking with heads together in argument.

Serafina settled herself on a bench and looked around to see if Kreiser were in view. Her heart skipped. An achingly familiar figure was winding through the paths with an awkward case in hand.

Olimpia Hankez noticed her, hesitated, then shifted her path. “It’s a lovely day,” she offered.

It was what one said in Urmai. One praised the cool breezes that had first made the spot popular so many years ago. One admired the gardens and made note of whether the crowds were thick or thin. One didn’t exclaim in surprise at the sight of a former lover.

“You’ve come for work?” Serafina asked, nodding at the art case under her arm.

“I thought I’d set myself up and sketch. I need new faces,” Olimpia said, with a rueful twist of her mouth. “And you?”

“I’m meeting someone,” Serafina returned, trying to keep the answer as uninviting as possible. She could still be moved by Olimpia’s energetic grace. The betrayal hadn’t changed that. Luzie hadn’t changed that. Luzie filled a different place in her life, in her heart. A quieter place. Other spaces were still empty. Olimpia had filled one of them for a time. There had never been any word of forever between them. How could there have been? Olimpia dealt in bodies—explored them, appreciated them, immortalized them and then moved on. And for her? She barely knew what she was searching for.

From the corner of her eye she caught a glimpse of Kreiser’s ruddy face. Olimpia saw the movement and followed it. Her eyes widened slightly. Had she recognized the Austrian? Or did she think it an assignation? Or both perhaps?

She said only, “It was good to see you again,” and moved on.

If Kreiser had noticed Olimpia he said nothing when he settled himself on the bench and placed a well-worn atlas in her lap. Even before she opened the covers she could feel the tingle of some mystic residue within the pages. There were no preliminaries this time.

“I thought this might help. Open to the marked page,” he instructed.

She found the ribbon and spread the book across her lap. It was only a section of land, taken out of context, with little markings for roads and rivers, tiny buildings indicating towns, and a faint glow perceptible only to the sensitive where Kreiser had marked a pattern of symbols across one part.

Next he opened a small case that shone brightly with fluctus and unwrapped layers of cloth to lay a frozen lump in her outstretched hand. It became slick with melt and made her fingers ache with the cold.

“Don’t worry about where the ice itself came from,” he said. “Follow the cold. Trace it back to its origin. Use the map.”

Serafina clenched her fingers around the ice, holding it away from the atlas and hoping that she could find the thread before it had melted away.

* * *

Only another week until Mother of Souls is released! (The original date I was given was the 14th, but the publisher's website is now saying the 17th.) Pre-order from Bella Books. Or ask your local bookstore to carry it. Or put a request in at your library. Or show up at the release party at Chessiecon and get your copy signed, along with other cool swag! And I've pledged that if (when) Clinton wins the election, I'll give away five e-books of Mother of Souls on Twitter, so if you're active there, keep your eyes peeled on Wednesday. (For non-Twitter folk, I periodically do platform-specific giveaways. Don't worry.)

Publications: 
Mother of Souls
Monday, November 7, 2016 - 07:00

One of the features of the New! Improved! LHMP blog on the Alpennia website is the addition of extensive content tags so that visitors can search for specific types of content. But I and my website designers have been brainstorming over how best to make those tags available. The Cadillac version would be a set of additive filters so you could, for example, ask, "What does the LHMP have on 13th century Spain?" However this Cadillac version would take a fair bit of work and I wanted to roll out something in the near term.

So the current solution will be a set of Tag Essays, set up by tag type (Place, Time Period, Person/Event, and Misc.) and sorted out thematically for the larger categories. (And by "larger categories", I note that the Person/Event tag-list has over 500 entries currently, many used only once.)

I'm rolling out the two simplest groups today: Place and Time Period. These are relatively fixed lists. (Though more Place tags will undoubtedly be added over time.) These essays will explain my strategy in tagging entries and provide a full list of the tags currently in that group. The Tag Essays will always be findable on the main LHMP index page, and eventually I'll have navigation links to them on a sidebar as well.

Expect to see the other two categories covered in the next month or so. I'd originally been planning to spend November tackling several books that I picked up at this year's Medieval Congress in Kalamazoo, but I've decided to slack off a little, in  honor of my usual November travel schedule.

This weekend's website work session includes a few other improvements. Most importantly, the Alpennia blog now has an RSS feed! So add http://alpennia.com/blog/feed to your favorite RSS reader. (And let me know if there are any issues with it, because this is all new to me.) If you're a Live Journal user, the RSS feed has been set up there and all you have to do is add Alpennia to your friends list.

If you hadn't previously poked around in the tags on the Lesbian Historic Motif Project, you might not have noticed the problems with how the results were displayed. So if you hadn't noticed, just enjoy using tags to search! If you had noticed, it's fixed! The final major improvement is something that users are unlikely to notice much. I've added a comment-management module so that I don't have to manually sort through the flood of comment-spam to find and approve actual reader comments on the blog. Ideally this sould mean that "real comments" will appear immediately, instead of having to wait for approval.

Sorry that this week's LHMP post seems so boring. Trust me, it's all very exciting on my side! And speaking of excitement, remember that Mother of Souls is now available for pre-order at Bella and major online book sources. (E-books will only be available from Bella for the first month or so, but they have all formats DRM-free.) The bigger the splash the book can make at release, the better the chance that new readers will become interested in the series. So I'm counting on all of you to help spread the word about Alpennia.

Publications: 
Mother of Souls
Friday, November 4, 2016 - 12:56

Since I covered a review topic yesterday (and don't have any new reviews to post), how about I swap days and do my not-at-all-random-Thursday promo for Mother of Souls today? Just as a reminder, you can pre-order the paperback or e-book from Bella Books, or order the paperback through Amazon. (E-books are released to the other outlets on a delay, so Kindle will be available in time.) Release date is...um...either November 14 or November 17 depending on which version of the story you're going by.

* * *

Any time I fear I’m losing the thread of a writing project, or need to go to the heart of what one of my books is “about”, I come back to the question: What does this character want? What motivates her at some deep level in everything she does? What measure will she use to determine which choice to make. What desires will turn out to be her weakness, that will tempt her beyond what is sensible? Thinking about those questions has never yet led me wrong. So what do some of these women want?

Luzie Valorin wants to keep her promise to her late husband and see their sons well launched into the world. To give them their best chance of a good place in society…even if that means their place is often far away from her side. Luzie wants to make her parents proud—not simply to assure them that she has made a comfortable life on her own, but to send what she can, now and then, to make their lives more comfortable. Beyond that, Luzie longs for something of her own, something beyond simply fulfilling her duties, something to warm her heart and fill an empty place in her life.

Margerit Sovitre wants to change the world. Oh, nothing earth-shattering; she isn’t interested in politics or the affairs of court. She remembers how sharply and desperately she wanted a chance to study and learn, back when she was a poor relation. Back before her surprise inheritance opened doors she hadn’t imagined. Now she wants to open those doors to others, and if she needs to, she’ll build the doorways and even the whole building around them to do so. Thaumaturgy has given her a taste of a different sort of power, and Margerit is certain that it could move mountains…if only the entrenched forces of Alpennian society were willing to listen to a young woman. And Margerit wants to know everything there is about the mystical powers she can invoke—ones that she is just beginning to learn aren’t the only sort that the world holds.

Serafina Talarico is quite blunt about what she wants: “I want to belong! I want to be comfortable.” But the comforts she remembers from her childhood have been stripped away, layer by layer as she grows up and confronts the reality that she will be a stranger everywhere she goes, even in the city of her birth. Now she would be content to master her own mystical talents—to feel something more than useless and dull-witted. And if she dared to admit it, Serafina wants to be cherished—to find someone who will look into her eyes and truly see her, and want what they see.

Above anything else in the world, Jeanne de Cherdillac wants Antuniet Chazillen, and now that she has achieved that desire, she wants to sort out what is left of her place in society in the aftermath. Jeanne always had a talent for organizing other people’s lives. Now she want to turn that talent from organizing balls and parties to helping others achieve their place in life, whether that place is on stage in the Grande Salle or at the center of a salon among a crowd of witty and talented intellectuals. In her youth, Jeanne learned a hard lesson about not wanting the impossible. But the possible includes many things. Sometimes they only need someone like Jeanne to give them a push.

Barbara Lumbeirt wants to protect and support all the people whose lives are bound to hers. Some might have thought it was a reflex left over from her years serving as Baron Saveze’s armin and duelist. Saveze was part of the cause, but as an old-fashioned model of what a lord owed to the land and people. But these are new times and the people Barbara wants to protect may have other ideas. Barbara wants an outlet for her restless energy and few things offer the challenge she needs like the rumors of international conflict that are reaching across Alpennia’s borders to strike at those she loves.

Antuniet Chazillen wants to restore the lost honor of her family and leave a legacy that will reach across the ages. The first step of that quest was achieved when she was named Royal Alchemist to the court of Alpennia. But her single-minded focus on legacy may risk everything she has already gained.

Iulien Fulpi wants what every provincial upper middle class girl wants: a glittering coming-out ball surrounded by those she loves, and the heady whirl of a dancing season before the need to make decisions that will fix the direction of the rest of her life. But she wanted her cousin Margerit to be there—her beloved and idolized cousin who sometimes seemed to be the only person who understood there might be more to want in addition to those things.

Anna Monterrez wants to repay the trust everyone has rested on her: her father’s trust that her alchemical studies will provide her with a respected trade, in case her scarred face fails to secure her a husband; the trust of her teacher, Antuniet Chazillen, who is granting her ever more responsibility in the alchemical laboratory; the trust of the Vicomtesse de Cherdillac who has promised to turn her from a shy schoolgirl into a sophisticated salonnière. But will Anna’s most secret, most hidden desire betray all those trusts?

Publications: 
Mother of Souls
Wednesday, November 2, 2016 - 06:30

We finally come to a close in this re-read. The final chapter provides a perfect conclusion to the overall plot shape. After the very intense conflicts and resolutions in the previous chapter, we have a chance to breathe and relax and enjoy the continuing “magical” delights of Sara’s return to “princess” status. But the structure of the moral accounts includes one more balance item.

The return of Sara’s fortune, her return to a luxurious lifestyle, and the restoration of a benevolent father-figure can be seen as zeroing out all the trials and traumas she’s been through. But for her to continue to “deserve” her good fortune, under this model, she should continue to put good deeds out into the world (alternately: she should continue to have misfortunes, but that would be a different story). And Sara is no longer simply being an inherently kind and thoughtful person. She’s had experience of how sharply an undeserved misfortune can affect someone’s life, and how much it can mean to reach out and actively help people, even at a cost to one’s self. That cost no longer need be personal hardship. But Sara thinks back to the “dreadful day” and how much it meant to the beggar girl to have a sack full of hot buns literally dropped in her lap.

So Sara conceives of an ongoing charitable endeavor to help hungry children in a very direct way—a way that would have meant a great deal to her at the time (though it’s an open question whether she would have felt comfortable accepting it). She wants to arrange for the bakery owner to feed any hungry children that hang around her shop at Sara’s expense.

I confess that one of my first thoughts is for unintended consequences. Occasionally handing out bread to hungry children is an admirable thing, but what happens when word gets out that if you’re hungry you should go to this specific bakery for free bread? How will the regular customers (who may have rather unenlightened views on ragged children) react to the new clientele? Would the arrangement eventually result in the bakery shifting from being an independent self-supporting business to being a fully-subsidized bread line? How would its proprietor feel about that? Would she find the same satisfaction if she moved from independent businesswoman to being Sara's de facto employee? (I'm a writer. I can't help spinning off possible plot-threads and consequences.) But these questions are in that awkwardly practical realm that the story side-steps, as well as lying in a hypothetical future that it doesn't cover.

Sara—escorted by Mr. Carrisford—presents her proposed arrangement to the bakery owner, who recognizes her from their last encounter and rejoices in Sara’s good fortune. She mentions that she was aware of Sara giving away her buns to the beggar and how it inspired her to do her own bit of charity as she was able since then. But the frosting on the cake is the proof of how good deeds inspire continued good deeds and personal transformations. The bakery owner reveals that her conversation with the beggar girl led to sporadic exchanges of chores for food and eventually to regular employment. The girl, now christened Anne, has become a productive, upstanding member of the workforce thanks to the hand up. (As there has been no mention of the bakery owner having immediate family involved in the business, I’m free to visualize Anne eventually becoming almost an adopted daughter and taking over the business. Once more my writer-brain is spinning future scenarios out of control.)

* * *

In conclusion, what is my overall take on the book? Have I achieved my purpose in this re-read? My goal, as I attempted to describe it from the beginning, was to explain why I find this story a soothing comfort-read, despite the rather dated moral lessons, the regular cringe-inducing stereotyping along a wide variety of axes, and occasional gaping plot holes. It isn’t that I actually believe in the truth of “moral accounting”. Worthy people living virtuous lives get shat on by fate all the time and arrant villains achieve fame and fortune. (*cough* Trump *cough*) The value I see in such old-fashioned (to use one of Burnett’s favorite descriptors) moral structures is not in a belief that they reflect reality, but in the recognition that—like Sara’s example to those around her—they can inspire us to be our better selves. Just as Sara never really believes she is a princess, and just as her image of what it means to be a princess is a collection of unrealistic ideals that have little to do with the historic individuals she spins tales about, Sara's fictional example is a model--an unworldly idea--whose purpose is not to reflect reality but to create it. She inspires us to act as if our virtuous actions will be rewarded by fate, even when we know there’s no cause and effect.

Because the one part of Sara’s moral arc that is true, is that one person’s example can inspire (or shame) others to behave similarly. And seeing Sara as a flawed, struggling, three-dimensional human being (which isn’t necessarily typical for moralistic literature) who still holds to kind, virtuous, generous action, even when she has no expectation of it bringing her a return, is a timeless inspiration to my mind. One that overcomes the limitations of her creator’s vision and understanding.

Do you have a book that stuck with you over long years because it hit a similar chord with you? One that speaks to some essential inner truth that transcends simple entertainment?

Tuesday, November 1, 2016 - 08:00

Pre-orders for Mother of Souls are available at Bella Books for both hard copy and e-book!

(They're doing the monthly website updating currently, so content may shift and settle somewhat.)

* * *

I don't know if I'll continue posting teasers for Mother of Souls once the book is out. It rather seems beside the point once people can just read the whole thing! I've skipped ahead a bit for this one, where Margerit is working on the curriculum for her women's college with the chosen headmistress: her former governess Sister Petrunel (Petra). On the way in, they've bumped into Antuniet's apprentice, Anna Monterrez who is visiting Margerit's library.

Anna is one of several ethnic minority characters where I look for a tricky balance between not erasing the very real prejudices of the historic setting of my story, without making those aspects so prominent that readers who identify with the characters find the story unpleasant to read. There are limits to the believability of having my protagonists all be open-minded and lacking in prejudice, and I've tried to show them stumbling regularly in subtle but realistic ways. But for the most part, I've shoved the more serious expressions of prejudice off onto non viewpoint characters, and perhaps that's a bit of cowardice on my part for now. Given Anna's future story arc, there will be some necessary conflicts around her religion that I'll need to tackle head on, and I hope my Jewish beta readers will help me navigate them successfully as they have attempted to guide me in this book.

* * *

Chapter 18 - Margerit

“That girl seems an unusual choice for an apprentice,” Petra commented.

Margerit laughed. “When has Maisetra Chazillen done anything in the usual way? But Anna is perfect for her. And she’s the sort of student I want. Serious and studious, but one with no opportunity to pursue a higher education in the usual way.”

“Do you mean she’s to be one of your students?”

“If her father agrees,” Margerit said. “That seems to be the case with so many of them! I think I have enough parents convinced for a respectably sized class. It makes sense to start with a small group, focusing on the girls with the most interest. With more, half might drift away and that would dishearten them.”

“But a Jewish girl…do you think she will be comfortable?” Sister Petrunel seemed to be taken aback and was searching for some tactful objection.

Margerit frowned. She hadn’t thought that Anna might feel alone in that way. “Perhaps I should ask Maistir Monterrez if he knows any other girls who might be interested.”

“That wasn’t quite what I meant,” Petra said tartly. “Would she be permitted to study at a Christian school?”

“I’d scarcely call it that,” Margerit protested. “It’s true I plan to cover thaumaturgy in the curriculum, and that means a certain interest in theology, but nothing formal.” The university dozzures might consider that to be too great a trespass into their own gardens. “I hope there’s no reason why Jewish students wouldn’t feel welcome.”

Petra said slowly, “I suppose I had assumed…”

Oh. That possibility hadn’t occurred to Margerit: that hiring Sister Petrunel and filling some of the teaching positions from the ranks of the Orisules might give the impression that her college was meant to be an extension of the convent schools.

“I never meant it as a religious school, as such,” Margerit ventured, watching Petrunel’s face for reaction.

“But you mean to teach thaumaturgy.”

“As a philosophy, yes. And as a study of practices. I’d like—” She’d mentioned this only to a very few people. “I’d like to see if we can encourage the development of talents in that direction. You yourself said that it’s difficult for girls to get good instruction in thaumaturgy outside the convent. Even the ancient authors talk about the difficulty of passing on traditions when each mystery guild keeps its own secrets so closely. Everyone says Alpennia has a strong tradition of mysteries based on the work of people like Fortunatus and Gaudericus. But that’s centuries past. Where is the new work? Where are their ideas being taught and expanded? I know groups like the Benezets are said to teach their own members, but the guilds guard their traditions too closely. The university doesn’t encourage practice. Not in any practical sense. If thaumaturgy is to revive in importance to the state—”

She hesitated, wondering how common that knowledge was. Princess Annek had privately encouraged her plans for the school but perhaps she hadn’t meant that support to be public. “Not just the Great Mysteries and the protections of the tutelas, but things that are useful. Like the healing mysteries you do at the convent. Think how much more could be done with more trained thaumaturgists. Or combining ritual with new agricultural practices. We’ve all heard about the failed ceremonies during the French wars. What if Prince Aukust could have called on a practiced corps that could direct the guilds…?”

 

She let the thought trail off, realizing how self-important it sounded that she might change the face of Europe on the basis of a group of schoolgirls.

Publications: 
Mother of Souls
Monday, October 31, 2016 - 07:00

This concludes my month-long trek through Faderman's Surpassing the Love of Men. Given the density of the information and the intersection of its importance (at the time of publication) and its now curiously dated feel, I don't begrudge the time spent. But I confess I'm looking forward to getting back to a once-a-week schedule for the LHMP posts! For the next publications, I've lined up a few books that I picked up at the Kalamazoo Medieval Congress this year, including one that studies medieval artistic depictions of variant sexuality, such as the image I use as the icon for the Lesbian Historic Motif Project.

Full citation: 

Faderman, Lillian. 1981. Surpassing the Love of Men. William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York. ISBN 0-688-00396-6

Publication summary: 

A detailed and extensive study of the phenomenon of “romantic friendship” in western culture (primarily England and the US).

III.B.3 Romantic Friendship and Lesbian Love

(It makes the most sense to jump down and read my summary of the concluding chapter before coming back to read my final thoughts here. The display order of the two sections is fixed in the blog format.)

Re-reading a book that one has read a very long time ago is an interesting and enlightening experience. I’ve done self-conscious re-reads of several books in the last year or so and discover new things about both myself and the text in that sort of close re-examintion. The other two were fiction: my critical read-through of Francis Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess, which is coming to a close this week, and my “pre-review” and re-read for review of Ellen Kushner’s The Privilege of the Sword. In both those cases, I wanted to challenge my emotional reaction to the book I wanted them to be, contrasted with the book “as it is”. And, to some extent, my running commentary on Faderman has been the same sort of challenge.

When I first read this book back in the early ‘80s, when it was brand new and I was freshly out--out of college and out as a lesbian--I imprinted on it heavily. It was the first serious historical study I’d run across of romantic relationships between women that wasn’t in the sort of “medical case history” genre that Faderman touches on. It gave me long lists of historic and literary references to chase after and a sense that there was a history of lesbianism to study. And as an amateur historian and massive history buff, I was eager to find that facet of myself reflected in past centuries.

But Faderman’s book also left me frustrated because it seemed to treat a lot of myths and stereotypes as fact: the stereotype that Victorian women had no sex drive, the idea that sex would somehow convert a noble and praiseworthy friendship into something sordid. It isn’t always clear when Faderman is presenting these stereotypes as stereotypes and when she’s accepting them unexamined as truths. A disturbingly large number of statements are of the form "women of this time must have felt..." or "it wouldn't have occurred to women of this time to...." Without a presentation of the logical case for those conclusions, it's hard to distinguish Faderman's conclusions as a researcher from her "gut feeling" as a consumer of the pop culure myths she's trying to examine. The summary in the concluding chapter (quoted at length below) seems to walk back some of the aspects that bothered me earlier in the book, but that only leaves me more confused as to what her ultimate position is.

Here, then, are some of my overall impressions in light of this re-read.

One cannot fault Faderman for not having access to the rich wealth of research on lesbian history that had not yet been published at the time she was working on it. (In my own experience, the next ground-breaking work was Emma Donoghue’s Passions Between Women, which wasn’t published until 1993.) But in a critical review such as the LHMP, one of my goals is to put dated research into context and give the reader pointers to contrasting evidence. I feel the need to note that there is now a great deal of research showing that the tradition of passionate friendship between women in the early modern period and later included relationships on a broad continuum of erotic expression. Faderman's observation that the most well-known publications discussing lesbian sex in these eras were written by men, and usually with a prurient male gaze, sidesteps the general erasure of women’s writings about their own internal lives. Their writings were not encouraged in the first place, were kept from publication, were forgotten or erased from the literary tradition, and--as Faderman notes in her opening discussion of Emily Dickinson’s correspondence--were actively censored by later gatekeepers. One need only look at how close Anne Lister’s diaries came to being destroyed by later gatekeepers to have a sense of how little weight we can put on the signficiance of the small amount of surviving data.

As I say, I can’t fault Faderman for not having access to scholarship that didn’t yet exist, but I do find some fault in the weakness of the critical engagement with what she does present. There might not have been a solid body of work on lesbian sexuality in pre-modern times, but there was enough work on female sexuality in general that the claims about women’s (lack of) sexual desire and social attitudes towards female sexuality strike a wrong note. Another wrong note is struck by how the evidence that Faderman does present for erotic desire in the “romantic friendship” era seems to be discounted or swept aside with “but respectable women wouldn’t allow themselves to feel this way.”

It is difficult to escape a nagging sense that Faderman herself thought that introducing sex into a romantic friendship made it “not respectable,” rather than accepting that a wide spectrum of erotic expression could have been present within the phenomenon of romantic friendship without it changing how women of the time understood their relationships. Faderman also seems to accept a qualitative distinction between “erotic activity that isn’t sex, such as kissing, hugging, fondling, bed-sharing, and passionate verbal exchanges” and “sex, i.e., activity involving the genitals.” Given that we still live in an era when one can argue the truth value of the statement “I did not have sex with that woman” in regard to oral sex, I can understand that such a distinction might be meaningful. But it might also be useful to examine how the participants in romantic friendships might have mapped out the dividing line between “sex” and “not sex”. There is a long legal and cultural history in western culture of the position that “sex” requires the presence of a penis. Given that history, it is within the realm of plausibility that women in passionate friendships in the 18-19th centuries might have held the position that nothing they did together could possibly be categorized as “sex” (even genital activity), and that therefore there was no reason for any self-consciousness or guilt about it. (And no basis for describing it as “sex” even in their own private writings.)

This is where I have issues with the apparent chain of logic that begins the book:

  • Pre-20th century women accepted the notion that “respectable” women did not feel sexual desire so thoroughly that they did not, in fact, feel sexual desire and therefore would not have engaged in sex unless a man (and a male sex drive) were involved.
  • Women in pre-20th century passionate friendships felt no self-concsiousness or guilt about public expressions of affection and devotion.
  • These pre-20th century women would necessarily have felt guilty and self-conscious about engaging in sex, therefore the lack of guilt is proof of the absense of sex.
  • Only after medical sexologists gave women permission to feel erotic desire was it possible for people (both men and women) to retroactively impute erotic desire to women in passionate friendships.
  • This retroactive assumption of sexual desire raised the risk of sullying the reputation of historic women in passionate friendships therefore it is necessary to redeem them by proving that the “serpent in the garden” is sordid modern imaginations, not the historic relationshps themselves.

Faderman’s concluding discussion nicely sums up the history of how popular culture manipulated people’s beliefs about women’s friendships in response to the social, political, and economic circumstances of the time. When it was useful to the dominant forces in society for women to have an emotional “safety valve” in intense same-sex friendships that had no power to disrupt heteronormativity, then those friendships were valorized. When social and economic changes gave women the potential of living lives independent of men, then it was necessary to undermine close bonds between women lest men become obsolete. (Ok, gross oversimplification.) But I still feel there’s a gap between analyzing the history of popular public perception of women’s passionate friendships--the “myth” as it were--and the actual lived experience of women in those passionate friendships, which--based on the scraps of self-reporting that we do have--was likely to have been enormously varied and individual.

In any event, Surpassing the Love of Men is a dense, in-depth study of the public reflection of a social phenomenon, and of the social and political currents it interacted with. For those with a passing interest in history and literature, it is valuable for providing background on how to interpret some of the language that women used to express friendship, and a caution on not interpreting it through a modern lens. For those looking to create fictional characters set in recent centuries, Faderman’s detailed discussions provide guidance on the spaces in which lesbian characters could have existed.

This is a very brief chapter, summing up the book’s overall thesis. “Passionate romantic friendship between women was a widely recognized, tolerated social institution before our century. Women were, in fact, expected to seek out kindred spirits and form strong bonds. ... It was not unusual for a woman to seek in her romantic friendship the center of her life, quite apart from the demands of marriage and family if not in lieu of them. When women’s role in society began to change, however...society’s view of romantic friendship changed. Love between women--relationships which were emotionally in no way different from the romantic friendships of earlier eras--became evil or morbid. ... Many of the relationships that [men] condemned had little to do with sexual expression. It was rather that love between women, coupled with their emerging freedom, might conceivably bring about the overthrow of heterosexuality.... In the sophisticated twentieth century women who chose to love women could no longer see themselves as romantic friends.... They became as confused and tormented as they were supposed to be. But it was only during this brief era in history [i.e., the 20th century] that tragedy and sickness were so strongly attributed to (and probably for that reason so frequently found in) love between women. This changed with the rise of the second wave of feminism.”

That’s probably a good overall summary of the book’s conclusions. There is further discussion of some of the complexities and conflicts of modern (i.e., 1980s) lesbian feminism. Touching on the place of sex within romantic friendships, “While romantic friends had considerable latitude in their show of physical affection toward each other, it is probable that, in an era when women were not supposed to be sexual, the sexual possibilities of their relationship were seldom entertained.” And then a discussion of the variable place of sexual desire and activity within “political lesbianism” and a nod to the continuing importance of not definining lesbian relationships solely by the presence or absence of sexual activity.

Faderman concludes with an idealistic look to a future when the erasure of sexism and prejudice against same-sex relationships leaves everyone free to enter into the relationships they desire without having to weigh the social, political, and economic consequences at all.

Time period: 
Place: 
Sunday, October 30, 2016 - 10:30
Full citation: 

Faderman, Lillian. 1981. Surpassing the Love of Men. William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York. ISBN 0-688-00396-6

Publication summary: 

A detailed and extensive study of the phenomenon of “romantic friendship” in western culture (primarily England and the US).

III.B.2 Writing Lesbian

This chapter surveys positive lesbian literature of the 20th century and the circumstances that allowed for its publication at various times, including a lot of ambiguity. This is well outside the scope of the LHMP and involves a great many literature citations. I’ll just note that there’s a lot of material there for those who want to see what else was available besides the depressing stuff. [It feels like the book has lost some of its through-line in the 20th century chapters. The general theme of the place of passtionate female friendships pops up now and then, but the content has largely moved from “literature as a source of information about social attitudes” to “literature survey for its own sake.”]

Time period: 
Place: 
Sunday, October 30, 2016 - 10:00
Full citation: 

Faderman, Lillian. 1981. Surpassing the Love of Men. William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York. ISBN 0-688-00396-6

Publication summary: 

A detailed and extensive study of the phenomenon of “romantic friendship” in western culture (primarily England and the US).

III.B.1 The Rise of Lesbian-Feminism

Faderman moves into the modern political era with a consideration of the parallel movements for women’s rights and gay/lesbian rights starting in the mid-20th century. Both the strength and the weakness of attempts to associate feminism with lesbianism was the underlying truth of the association. Historically, feminism had arisen among women who directed their primary reform efforts and emotional connections to other women. Those connections ranged along a continuum from friendship to romance to sex. Conversely, lesbians had strong reasons to support a movement freeing women from the expectation that their social, political, and economic lives required connection to a man.

The sexual revolution of the 1950s and 1960s began eroding at the stigma of non-normative sexuality in general. Organizations such as the Daughters of Bilitis and its newletter The Ladder that had originally organized as social support moved into activism and began attacking expectations that their members should consider themselves psychologically ill or that they should live lives of apology and guilt. Similar organizations and publications arose in France and Germany around the same time.

In 1970, The Ladder announced a policy shift that fully embraced feminist solidarity: rather than seeking to achieve for lesbians the same rights that striaght women had, their goal was to achieve for all women the rights that human beings should have. [Those goals were limited in some ways by the same limitations that prominent feminist organizations of the time had: they were founded by otherwise politically-moderate middle-class white women and prioritized solving the problems that they, themselves encountered.] Another way in which the two movements overlapped was in the “political lesbian”, i.e., feminists who felt that it was--at that time--impossible to live a life of true equality while in intimate relationships with men.

Overlapping concerns, however, did not prevent a wide variety of political fractures and realignments within the two general movements. But here I’m going to skip the detailed history of feminist/lesbian politics in the 1970s. It’s well outside the scope of the current project and is probably better studied from more politically-oriented sources. Suffice it to say that, in some ways, the merging of lesbian and feminist communities and interests re-invented the concept of “romantic friendship” in the sense of women whose primary emotional and romantic bond was with each other, whether or not it was also inspired by gender-directed sexual desire.

Time period: 

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